Introduction — Why 99% of Buyers Confuse POP With Fake Paperwork

In 2025, the global EN590 and Jet A1 market is dominated by:

• Fake PDF “POP packages”

• Recycled tank documents from 2019–2023

• Brokers pretending to be mandates

• Buyers demanding POP too early

• Sellers refusing to give POP due to compliance regulations

The biggest confusion?

“POP” is not a single document.
POP is a set of verifiable petroleum documents issued under strict conditions.

A real seller NEVER gives full POP:

• before ICPO

• before SPA

• before KYC

• before terminal authorization

Fake sellers give POP immediately.
Real sellers give POP only after compliance.

This article gives you the 2025 definitive institutional guide:

• What POP truly is

• Why fake POP destroys deals

• The 7 documents that form the ONLY real POP

• How terminals verify authenticity

• Why real POP is always partial before DTA

• How NNRV protects buyers from fraud

SECTION 1 — Understanding the Real Context

1.1 POP Is a Compliance Event, Not a Sales Document

Real POP can only be released:

• After KYC

• After ICPO

• After SPA (or at least SPA acceptance)

• After allocation verification

• After seller verifies buyer tank/RWA

• After refinery or terminal authorizes disclosure

This is because POP exposes:

• Tank location

• Tank number

• Real product quantity

• Terminal operator name

• Real seller identity

• Sensitive compliance info

Releasing POP to random brokers = instant refinery blacklisting.

1.2 Why Fake POP Is Everywhere

Fake POP is common because:

• It is easy to steal old documents

• Brokers want to “prove” they have product

• Buyers pressure intermediaries

• Traders misunderstand terminal compliance

• Scammers build trust with recycled documents

Fake POP kills transactions.

1.3 POP Differs by Delivery Mode

POP requirements change depending on:

This article focuses on the universal POP documents valid everywhere.

SECTION 2 — What Is Real POP? (A to Z Explanation)

2.1 Definition (Institutional)

POP = Proof of Product
A bundle of 7 verifiable terminal/refinery documents proving that:

• The product exists

• The product is stored

• The seller owns the product

• The terminal acknowledges it

• The product matches EN590/Jet A1 specifications

• The seller has authority to sell

POP is not for buyers to admire.
POP is for:

• Compliance

• Terminal scheduling

• Inspector access

• Banking confirmation

• SPA execution

2.2 The 7 Documents That Form a Real POP (2025 Standard)

1. TSR — Tank Storage Receipt

The most important document.

Confirms:

• Tank number

• Tank location (terminal)

• Volume stored

• Product grade (EN590 / Jet A1)

• Injection date

• Validity

TSR must be verifiable with the terminal.
If you cannot verify it → POP is fake.

2. ATV / CPA — Authorization to Verify

Terminal-issued or seller-issued authorization allowing buyer or inspector to verify tank data.

Two formats:

• ATV (Authorization to Verify)

• CPA (Commercial Passport Authorization)

Real proofs allow the buyer to email or call the terminal directly.

3. SGS / Intertek / Saybolt Q&Q (Quantity & Quality)

Recent (max 72h for EN590).
Includes:

• Density

• Flash point

• Sulfur content

• Water content

• Molecular profile

• Volume

• Contamination analysis

If Q&Q is older than 3 days → red flag.

4. Injection Report (Into the Tank)

Also called:

• DIP report

• In-tank product injection certificate

• Movement document

This proves the fuel has been injected from pipeline/vessel into the seller’s tank.

5. Product Passport (Technical Data Sheet)

Issued by refinery.
Confirms:

• Batch origin

• Chemical composition

• EN590 conformity

• Serial batch number

Fake sellers often skip this one.

6. Tank Farm Contract (Redacted)

Confirms:

• Seller leases the tank

• Tank farm operator

• Contract reference number

Usually redacted until SPA signing.

7. Partial Tank Coordinates / Tank Map

Not full details (for security reasons).
Used for:

• Inspector pre-planning

• Terminal gate permit preparation

Full coordinates are often given only after DTA.

SECTION 3 — NNRV Expert Analysis: Why 95% of Buyers Misinterpret POP

3.1 Common Buyer Mistakes

1. Asking for full POP before ICPO
   → Instantly shows inexperience.

2. Believing PDFs = real POP
   → Most are stolen or edited.

3. Demanding POP before SPA
   → Illegal under terminal compliance.

4. Working with brokers who cannot verify POP
   → Leads to fake documentation.

5. Expecting full tank details too early
   → Causes seller withdrawal.

3.2 Common Seller Errors

1. Releasing too much POP early

2. Not using NCNDA/IMFPA

3. Using outdated POP

4. Not cleaning the broker chain

5. Not aligning POP with SPA procedure

3.3 Institutional Risks Without POP Verification

NNRV solves all of the above through institutional-grade compliance.

SECTION 4 — Step-by-Step POP Process (1–30 Days)

DAY 1–3: Buyer Pre-Qualification

• ICPO

• KYC + CP

• Tank availability (for TTT)

DAY 4–7: Seller Pre-Verification

• SCO

• NCNDA/IMFPA

• SPA negotiation

DAY 7–12: POP Release

Seller issues partial POP:

• TSR (redacted)

• Q&Q (recent)

• Product passport

• Injection report

• ATV/CPA

Full POP only after:

• SPA signed

• Buyer tank validated

• DTA issued

DAY 13–18: Inspector Access

• DTA issued

• Terminal gate pass

• SGS/Intertek/Saybolt entry

DAY 19–30: Execution

• Q&Q confirmation

• CI issued

• MT103 payment

• Title transfer

• TTT/TTM execution

SECTION 5 — Buyer & Seller Questions (20 Total)

10 Buyer Questions

1. Why can’t I see full POP before ICPO?

2. Is POP the same as Q&Q?

3. Can I verify POP with the terminal?

4. Why is Q&Q valid only 72h?

5. Can a broker give POP?

6. What if POP is fake?

7. When do I get full coordinates?

8. When do I get DTA?

9. What if Q&Q fails?

10. Can I ask for CPA directly from terminal?

10 Seller Questions

1. Should I give POP before KYC?

2. Should POP be redacted?

3. Do terminals confirm POP to buyers?

4. When should I reveal tank number?

5. How to avoid POP theft?

6. Should I provide POP at SCO stage?

7. What if buyer demands too early?

8. How to protect documents?

9. Can intermediaries see POP?

10. Why do I need NCNDA/IMFPA?

SECTION 6 — Proof & Institutional Alignment

These POP procedures correspond exactly to those used by:

• Vitol

• Trafigura

• Gunvor

• Glencore

• Mercuria

• Shell Trading

• TotalEnergies Trading

And terminals:

• Vopak (Rotterdam, Fujairah)

• Oiltanking (Houston, Amsterdam)

• VTTI (Singapore)

• Koole Terminal

POP follows:

✔ SGS / Intertek / Saybolt standards
✔ Rotterdam Port Authority compliance
✔ OFAC / EU sanctions
✔ Basel III banking alignment
✔ Refinery allocation rules

SECTION 7 — Professional Call to Action (CTA)

📌 Need POP Verification or Full Due Diligence?

NNRV Trade Partners offers:

• POP authenticity checks

• Terminal confirmation

• Allocation verification

• SPA structuring

• DIP test coordination

• Full compliance onboarding

📩 Send your ICPO, KYC, or seller POP to:
compliance@nnrvtradepartners.com

🌐 Visit: www.nnrvtradepartners.com

Mini FAQ (5 Key Questions)

1. Can NNRV verify a tank in 24h?
   Yes — with CPA/ATV.

2. Can you detect fake POP?
   Yes — instantly.

3. Do you provide POP for CIF deals?
   Yes.

4. Can intermediaries receive POP?
   Only partially.

5. Can this POP structure be applied to Jet A1?
   100%.

Why Choose NNRV Trade Partners?

• Institutional POP verification

• Real refinery/allocation access

• Global terminal confirmations

• SGS coordination

• A-to-Z deal structuring

• Compliance-first operations

• Confidential and secure

• Trusted by buyers and sellers globally