Introduction — Why Quality Validation Determines Whether a Deal Succeeds or Fails

Every genuine petroleum transaction—EN590, Jet A1, D6, LPG, Crude—depends on three decisive documents:

• Injection Report

• Q&Q Report (Quantity & Quality / SGS)

• Density Verification

These documents determine:

• Whether the product is real

• Whether the product meets contractual specifications

• Whether the buyer receives what was promised

• Whether the seller can legally invoice

• Whether banks release MT103 / LC payment

• Whether title can transfer

• Whether a vessel can load or a tank can receive

Despite their importance, 90% of traders and mandates cannot explain the difference between Q&Q, Injection Report, and Density, which leads to:

❌ Wrong assumptions
❌ Fraud exposure
❌ Misinterpretation of POP
❌ Deal delays
❌ Disputes after SGS
❌ Rejection at terminal level

This guide explains in institutional, technical detail how petroleum quality is validated inside tank farms and refineries.

SECTION 1 — The Real Purpose of Each Document

1.1 Injection Report — Proof of Physical Movement

The Injection Report is generated by the tank farm or pipeline operator during:

• TTT transfer (Tank-to-Tank)

• TVD / TTV (Tank-to-Vessel or Vessel-to-Tank)

• Pipeline injection

• Loading or discharge operations

The Injection Report records:

• Start/stop times

• Source tank → destination tank

• Flow rate (m³/h)

• Pump performance

• Total volume moved

• Pressure & temperature logs

• Pipeline configuration

• Loss/gain analysis

Injection reports prove that the product has physically moved and allow buyers to verify that:

• Correct tank was used

• Correct quantity was transferred

• No manipulation or substitution occurred

It is not a quality document—it is an operational one.

1.2 Q&Q (Quantity & Quality) — The Legal Basis for Payment and Title Transfer

Q&Q is the independent inspection report carried out by:

• SGS

• Saybolt

• Intertek

• Bureau Veritas

This report includes:

Quantity Section (“Q”)

• Ullage/innage measurements

• Temperature

• Observed volume

• Density (observed & @ 15°C)

• Correction factors (CTL/CPL)

• Net Standard Volume (NSV)

• Metering skid results

• Loss/gain reconciliation

Quality Section (“Q”)

For EN590:

• Density @ 15°C

• Sulfur

• Flash point

• CFPP (Cold Filter Plugging Point)

• Water & sediment

• Viscosity

• Appearance

• Aromatics

• Cetane index

For Jet A1:

• Freeze point

• Flash point

• Aromatics

• Conductivity

• Water contamination

• Metals (Na, K, Ca, Fe)

Q&Q is the most important document in the transaction because:

✔ It determines conformity
✔ It determines title transfer
✔ It determines invoice quantity
✔ It determines payment release
✔ It is attached to the Commercial Invoice

This is the document that truly decides:

“Do we proceed or reject this cargo?”

1.3 Density — The First Parameter Buyers Check, the First Parameter Scammers Fake

Density determines:

• The grade

• The refinery origin

• The distillation profile

• The value of the product

• Whether the cargo matches EN590 or Jet A1 spec

A professional trader always checks:

• Density @ Observed Temperature

• Density @ 15°C (reference standard)

• Temperature at the time of sampling

• Consistency with the refinery batch

• Consistency with previous SGS results

Density mismatches are the #1 indicator of:

• Blending

• Contamination

• Fake SGS

• Wrong product

• Temperature manipulation

• Water presence

Serious transactions begin by verifying density—
long before POP is even considered valid.

SECTION 2 — How Quality Is Validated Step-by-Step in Terminals & Refineries

Below is the real industrial sequence, not the Telegram/myth version.

2.1 Step 1 — DTA (Dip Test Authorization)

Buyer receives authorization for Q&Q inspector (SGS) to enter tank.

2.2 Step 2 — DIP Test (Initial Tank Gauging)

Inspector measures:

• Tank level

• Temperature

• Density

• Ullage/innage

• Water bottoms

This creates the opening quantity.

2.3 Step 3 — Q&Q Sampling and Laboratory Testing

Samples taken:

• Top

• Middle

• Bottom

• Composite

Sent to SGS lab for:

• Density

• Sulfur

• Flash point

• CFPP

• Aromatics

• Metals

• Freeze point

• Viscosity

This produces the quality section.

2.4 Step 4 — Injection / Pump-Over (TTT, TTV, etc.)

During transfer:

• Meters record flow

• Temperature/pressure monitored

• Pipelines aligned

• Loss/gain analyzed

The Injection Report is created here.

2.5 Step 5 — Closing Gauges + Final Q&Q

After transfer:

• Closing quantity established

• Metering skid data reconciled

• Final Q&Q confirms quality remained within spec

• Loss/gain officially recorded

2.6 Step 6 — Terminal Issues Out-Turn & Injection Reports

Documents delivered:

• Injection Report

• Out-turn Quantity Report

• Final Q&Q Certificate

• Tank Stock Statement

• Operational Logs

These form the POP proof bundle.

2.7 Step 7 — Title Transfer + Invoice + MT103 Release

If Q&Q is acceptable:

• Seller issues Commercial Invoice

• Buyer pays MT103

• Title passes

• Product becomes buyer’s property

If Q&Q fails:

• Contractual penalties apply

• Buyer may reject

• Seller must remedy (if allowed by SPA)

SECTION 3 — NNRV Expert Analysis: How to Detect Fake Reports Instantly

Professional traders check for:

3.1 Density vs Temperature Consistency

If density is correct but temperature is unrealistic → fake.

3.2 Injection Report Without Terminal Stamp

No stamp = fraud.

3.3 Q&Q Without Serial Number

SGS always includes traceable certificate numbers.

3.4 Wrong Tank Number or Terminal Name

Terminal can confirm instantly.

3.5 Perfect “round” values

Real SGS always has decimal variations.

3.6 No reconciliation between DIP and closing gauges

Mismatch = fabricated documents.

SECTION 4 — Step-by-Step: How a Professional Reads These Documents (10-Min Checklist)

1. Verify terminal name, tank number, date

Should match TSA & DTA.

2. Check density @ 15°C first

Most fraud happens here.

3. Compare observed vs corrected density

Large gap = manipulation.

4. Confirm sulfur content

Critical for EN590 / Jet A1 acceptance.

5. Check temperature during sampling

Impacts density & volume.

6. Analyze Injection Report times & flow

Must be realistic.

7. Confirm metered vs gauged quantity

Loss/gain must be small.

8. Inspect water & sediment values

Indicates contamination.

9. Check for inspector signature + seal

Mandatory.

10. Compare values with contract annex

Zero deviations allowed unless SPA tolerances permit.

SECTION 5 — 20 Buyer & Seller Questions (With Clear Institutional Answers)

10 Buyer Questions

1. Does Q&Q guarantee product quality?

2. Is Injection Report part of POP?

3. Does density prove refinery origin?

4. Are digital SGS copies valid?

5. Can Q&Q be faked?

6. Does the buyer receive Injection Report?

7. Who pays SGS fees?

8. Can I reject product after Q&Q?

9. What if density is slightly off?

10. Can NNRV validate Q&Q authenticity?

10 Seller Questions

1. When should I release Q&Q?

2. Should I provide Injection Report before payment?

3. How do I deal with off-spec tests?

4. Who controls the sampling point?

5. Can I give partial test results?

6. What if buyer disputes density?

7. Can Injection Report be edited? (No)

8. Does terminal verify each step?

9. How to avoid fraud accusations?

10. Can NNRV coordinate SGS and injection operations?

SECTION 6 — Why This Verification System Is Globally Standard

These documents follow:

• ASTM International standards

• EN standards for EN590 (EN 590:2024)

• DEF STAN 91-091 for Jet A1

• ISO/IEC 17025 for laboratory accreditation

• ICC Incoterms 2020

• Basel III trade documentation rules

• FATF AML requirements

• ISPS Port Security

Accepted by:

• Refineries

• Tank farms

• Banks

• Traders

• Governments

• Port authorities

• Marine surveyors

SECTION 7 — Professional CTA

📌 Need Injection Report, Q&Q, and Density Verification Before You Commit?

NNRV Trade Partners provides:

• Full SGS and Q&Q authentication

• Injection Report verification

• Tank farm validation

• Terminal reconciliation

• POP review

• Anti-fraud document analysis

• Buyer & seller protection for EN590, Jet A1, D6 and Crude

📩 info@nnrvtradepartners.com
🌐 www.nnrvtradepartners.com**

We ensure your transaction is real, compliant, and protected.

Mini FAQ (5 Expert-Level Questions)

1. Does Q&Q equal POP?
   No—POP includes Q&Q but also operational and legal documents.

2. Is Injection Report mandatory for TTT?
   Yes—terminal must record all pump-over details.

3. Can density reveal stolen or recycled product?
   Yes—density fingerprint shows inconsistencies.

4. Can Q&Q be used for LC negotiation?
   Yes—banks accept it for payment triggers.

5. Does NNRV provide full verification?
   Yes—end-to-end.

Why Choose NNRV Trade Partners?

• Institutional petroleum expertise

• Refined product specialization (EN590, Jet A1)

• SGS, Q&Q and POP authentication specialists

• Terminal-driven technical knowledge

• Fraud-prevention methodology

• Global buyer & seller protection